The goal of wireless communication is to provide reliable, high-quality communication, just like wired communication, and each new generation represents a huge step in that direction. Mobile communication has become increasingly popular in recent years due to the rapid reform of mobile technology. To compare 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G, we must first understand the main features of all these technologies. Unlike previous generations, 4G systems do not support circuit-switched telephony. IEEE 802.20, UMB, and OFDM[30] do not have software transfer support, also known as cooperative relays. Just as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and WiMAX are vigorously promoted in the global telecommunications industry, the former (LTE) is also the most powerful leading 4G mobile technology and has quickly occupied the Chinese market. TD-LTE, one of two variants of LTE radio interface technologies, is not yet mature, but many domestic and international mobile operators are turning to TD-LTE one after another. More recently, new access systems such as orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), interleaved FDMA and multicarrier CDMA (CDMA-MC) are becoming increasingly important for next-generation systems. These are based on efficient FFT algorithms and frequency domain equalization, which reduces the number of multiplications per second. They also control bandwidth and make spectrum flexible. However, they require advanced dynamic channel assignment and adaptive traffic planning. The iBurst system (or HC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access) was considered a predecessor to 4G from the beginning.

It was later developed in the Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) system, also known as IEEE 802.20. 2G and 3G networks were designed primarily for voice communications, not data. On the other hand, 4G is specifically designed for data transmission rather than voice. Thus, 4G offers faster access to data with mobile phones. For example, video streaming works better with 4G, with less stuttering and higher resolution. Similarly, video conferencing and multiplayer online gaming work best with the faster data transfer provided by 4G. UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) was the brand name of a discontinued 4G project within the 3GPP2 standards group to improve the CDMA2000 cellular standard for next-generation applications and requirements. In November 2008, Qualcomm, UMB`s main sponsor, announced that it would halt development of the technology and prefer LTE instead. [28] The goal was to achieve data speeds of over 275 Mbps downstream and over 75 Mbps upstream. Technically, the first commercially deployed 4G networks were released in 1998, but they didn`t become generally available to the public until 2009.

However, there is some debate about whether the first forms of these technologies were technically 4G. Network operators used the label, but their technology did not meet the standards for 4G as defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Their top speeds were too slow. In addition to improvements to these multiplexing systems, improved modulation techniques are used. While previous standards largely used phase shift modulation, more efficient systems such as 64QAM are offered for use with 3GPP long-term evolution standards. In November 2008, the Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) specified a set of requirements for 4G standards, called the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT) specification, which sets peak speed requirements for 4G services at 100 megabits per second (Mbps) (= 12.5 megabytes per second) for high-mobility communications (e.g. , trains and cars) and 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) for communication with people with reduced mobility (e.g. pedestrians and stationary users). [4] 4G is just getting started, and even the Sprint network is only available in a handful of cities.

But in about two years, 4G could be almost everywhere. All major U.S. wireless carriers are working on upgrading their systems to 4G – although we`d prefer some, like AT&T, to continue to work properly on their 3G networks in the meantime. 4G LTE networks are the next generation of existing 3G networks – Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS or 3rd Generation. 4G is a vague term for fourth-generation cellular communications, offering speeds about 10 times faster than current third-generation networks, or 3G. In September 2009, the technology proposals were submitted to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as 4G candidates. [10] Basically, all proposals are based on two technologies: The definition of 4G has changed over the years. The technologies currently commercially available LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMax claimed that they were sufficiently advanced compared to 3G and therefore claimed the right to call their technology 4G. However, in October 2010, the global standardization group International Telecommunication Union stated that after lengthy studies, it had determined which technologies were actually qualified for its IMT Advanced label, i.e. 4G (fourth generation).

The target speed was at least 100 Mbps to qualify for the 4G label. Only two systems were on the list: LTE-Advanced, a new version of LTE technology, and Wireless MAN-Advanced, the next version of WiMax, also known as WiMax 2. Both are not yet commercially available. To get a better idea of what to expect with your 4G device, take a look at what tests on the Sprint WiMax and Verizon LTE 4G networks showed. PC World reports that the HTC EVO 4G phone never broke the 3Mbps mark in its nationwide phone tests. And Verizon`s tests showed in the real world that download speeds ranged from 5 Mbps to 12 Mbps and download speeds ranged from 2 Mbps to 5 Mbps. Mobile WiMAX Release 2 (also known as WirelessMAN-Advanced or IEEE 802.16m) and LTE Advanced (LTE-A) are IMT-Advanced compatible backward compatible versions of the two systems mentioned above, standardized in spring 2011. [citation needed] and promising speeds in the range of 1 Gbps. Services were expected in 2013. [needs to be updated] Although ITU has adopted recommendations on technologies to be used for future global communications, it does not carry out standardization or development work itself, but builds on the work of other standards bodies such as IEEE, WiMAX Forum and 3GPP.

In 2021, 4G technology accounts for 58% of the global mobile telecommunications technology market. [3] Since IPv4 addresses are (almost) exhausted,[Note 1][31] IPv6 is essential to support the large number of wireless devices that communicate over IP. By increasing the number of available IP addresses, IPv6 eliminates the need for Network Address Translation (NAT), a method of sharing a limited number of addresses between a larger group of devices that has a number of issues and limitations. When using IPv6, some form of NAT is still required to communicate with older IPv4 devices that are not also connected to IPv6. Early on, the Flash OFDM system was to be developed into a 4G standard. WiMax uses OFDMA in the downlink and uplink. For LTE (telecommunications), OFDMA is used for downlinking; In contrast, single-carrier FDMA is used for uplink because OFDMA contributes more to PNAP problems and results in non-linear operation of amplifiers. IFDMA offers fewer power fluctuations and therefore requires energy-inefficient linear amplifiers. Similarly, MC-CDMA is in the proposal for the IEEE 802.20 standard. These access systems offer the same efficiency as older technologies such as CDMA. In addition, scalability and higher data rates can be achieved. In addition, 4G has also been very beneficial in the voice over LTE (VoLTE) industry.

It provides a much more stable and clear connection for voice calls, making it easier for businesses to switch to internet-based phone systems. 4G is the short name for fourth-generation wireless, the level of mobile broadband communication that replaces 3G (third generation wireless) and is the predecessor of 5G (wireless-fifth generation). Meanwhile, Samsung is creating a 4G phone for MetroPCS. The phone with the exciting name SCH-r900 will have a 624 MHz processor, 128 MB of RAM, a 3.2-inch screen and the Windows Mobile 6.1 operating system. There have been discussions about what constitutes 3G. Overall, 3G is not defined by the underlying technology, but by its speed: up to 2 Mbps. Verizon and Sprint`s 3G systems are called EVDO, while AT&T and T-Mobile use HSDPA. Another layer, known as HSDPA+ or Turbo 3G, can support download speeds of up to 14 Mbps. While we can use 4G every day in business and in our personal lives, there is still some confusion as to what it is and why it is important. Yes, you need a new phone. The first 4G smartphone is the HTC Evo, a device with Google`s Android operating system that launches today.

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